{"id":9004111223076227,"date":"2020-09-29T11:19:30","date_gmt":"2020-09-29T15:19:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pragmaticinstitute.com\/?p=15774"},"modified":"2024-01-25T15:20:04","modified_gmt":"2024-01-25T15:20:04","slug":"matlab-vs-python-numpy-for-academics-transitioning-into-data-science","status":"publish","type":"resources","link":"https:\/\/www.pragmaticinstitute.com\/resources\/articles\/product\/matlab-vs-python-numpy-for-academics-transitioning-into-data-science\/","title":{"rendered":"MATLAB vs. Python NumPy for Academics Transitioning into Data Science"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

This technical article was written for <\/i><\/b>The Data Incubator<\/i><\/b><\/a> by Dan Taylor, a Fellow of our 2017 Spring cohort in Washington, DC.\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

This article was originally published on October 25, 2017, on <\/i>The Data Incubator<\/i><\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

For many of us with roots in academic research, MATLAB was our first introduction to data analysis. However, due to its high cost, MATLAB is not very common beyond the academy. It is simply too expensive for most companies to be able to afford a license. Luckily, for experienced MATLAB users, the transition to free and open source tools, such as Python\u2019s NumPy, is fairly straight-forward.<\/p>\n

MATLAB has several benefits when it comes to data analysis. Perhaps most important is its low barrier of entry for users with little programming experience. MathWorks has put a great deal of effort into making MATLAB\u2019s user interface both expansive and intuitive. This means new users can quickly get up and running with their data without knowing how to code. It is possible to import, model, and visualize structured data without typing a single line of code. Because of this, MATLAB is a great entrance point for scientists into programmatic analysis. Of course, the true power of MATLAB can only be unleashed through more deliberate and verbose programming, but users can gradually move into this more complicated space as they become more comfortable with programming. MATLAB\u2019s other strengths include its deep library of functions and extensive documentation, a virtual \u201cinstruction manual\u201d full of detailed explanations and examples.<\/p>\n

MATLAB\u2019s main drawbacks, when it comes to analysis, stem from its proprietary nature. The source code is hidden from the user and any programs written with MATLAB can solely be used by MATLAB license holders. With this in mind, it is important for academics transitioning into professional data science to broaden their skill set to include free and open source tool kits.<\/p>\n

Python is often a data scientist\u2019s first choice for data analysis. It is an open source, general programming language with countless libraries that aid in data analysis and manipulation. Because Python does not include a user interface, data scientists need to utilize a third-party user interface. Such interfaces allow nearly all of MATLAB\u2019s functionality to be reproduced in Python.<\/p>\n

All MATLAB users should become well-acquainted with NumPy, an essential Python library. NumPy provides the basic \u201carray\u201d data structure, which forms the backbone of multidimensional matrices and high-level data science packages, including pandas and scikit-learn.<\/p>\n

Proficient MATLAB users should find NumPy to be quite intuitive, as the NumPy array functions very similarly to MATLAB\u2019s cell array data structure. The biggest challenge could very well be learning the syntactic differences between the languages. Here are some examples of equivalent code in both languages:<\/p>\n

Python example code:<\/p>\n

In [1<\/b>]:\u00a0import<\/b>\u00a0NumPy<\/b>\u00a0as<\/b>\u00a0np<\/b><\/p>\n

In [2<\/b>]:\u00a0a = np.array([1,2,3,4]); b = np.array([5,6,7,8])<\/p>\n

In [3<\/b>]:\u00a0a[0]<\/p>\n

Out[3<\/b>]:\u00a01<\/p>\n

In [4<\/b>]:\u00a0a[1:3]<\/p>\n

Out[4<\/b>]:\u00a0array([2, 3])<\/p>\n

In [5<\/b>]:\u00a0a * b<\/p>\n

Out[5<\/b>]:\u00a0array([ 5, 12, 21, 32])<\/p>\n

In [6<\/b>]:\u00a0a \/ b<\/p>\n

Out[6<\/b>]:\u00a0array([0, 0, 0, 0])<\/p>\n

In [7<\/b>]:\u00a0a *\u00a01.0\u00a0\/ b<\/p>\n

Out[7<\/b>]:\u00a0array([ 0.2 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 ,\u00a0 0.33333333,\u00a0 0.42857143,\u00a0 0.5 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 ])<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

MATLAB example code:<\/p>\n

>> a = [1 2 3 4]; b = [5 6 7 8];<\/p>\n

>> a(1)<\/p>\n

ans = 1<\/p>\n

>> a(2:3)<\/p>\n

ans = 2 \u00a0 \u00a0 3<\/p>\n

>> a .* b<\/p>\n

ans = \u00a0 \u00a0 5\u00a0 \u00a0 12\u00a0 \u00a0 21\u00a0 \u00a0 32<\/p>\n

>> a .\/ b<\/p>\n

ans =\u00a0 \u00a0 0.2000\u00a0 \u00a0 0.3333\u00a0 \u00a0 0.4286\u00a0 \u00a0 0.5000<\/p>\n

Both languages support vectorization and easy element-by-element operations \u2014 care needs to be taken with MATLAB as the default operations are often matrix operations.<\/p>\n